| Level | Master |
| Programme | MCIS |
| Semester | Fall |
| Year | 2024 |
| Course | Distributed Database System |
| Full Marks | 100 |
| Pass Marks | 60 |
| Time | 4 hrs |
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
Attempt all the questions.
1. Explain ho distributed database systems address the limitations of centralized databases in today’s data-driven environments. Demonstrate how distribution enhances data availability, scalability, and query performance with examples. (10 marks)
2. Explain the Autonomy, Distribution, and heterogeneity architecture in distributed database systems (DDBS) in detail.
OR,
What are the horizontal and vertical fragmentation in distributed databases? Illustrate how each technique optimizes query performance with appropriate examples.
3. Explain the challenges of managing views in distributed databases. How do updates through views differ in centralized vs. distributed systems? Explain in detail.
4. Describe the layers of query processing in a DDBMS. How does the localization of distributed data impact query optimization? Explain in detail.
5. Discuss the significance of join ordering in fragment queries. Illustrate how pooe join ordering can degrade distributed query performance with an appropriate example.
6. Explain the role of distributed query optimization algorithms in improving the performance of query processing. What are the common algorithms used? Explain any one in detail.
7. Compare lock-based, timestamp-based, and optimistic concurrency control mechanisms. Highlight their suitability-distributed scenarios.
OR,
Compare the trade-offs between strict two-phase locking (2PL) and optimistic concurrency control in distributed databases. Under what scenarios would you prefer one over the other? Explain in detail.
8. Describe the purpose of shared and exclusive locks in database transactions. How do these locks support the ACID properties of transactions? Analyze the benefits and limitations of implementing two phase locking (2PL) in a distributed database system.
9. Define reliability in the context of distributed database systems. Explain the measures and protocols used to ensure reliability, including fault tolerance and failure recovery strategies.
10. Write short notes on (any two): (2 * 5)
- Architecture of Parallel Database
- Distributed Reliability Protocols
- Networking Partitioning