Explain query decomposition layer in distributed query processing with examples.

Query decomposition is a critical step in distributed query processing where a complex SQL query is broken down into simpler, smaller sub-queries that can be executed across different sites or nodes in a distributed database system. The goal of this process is to ensure that each sub-query can be processed locally, reducing the overhead of … Read more

Explain distributed integrity constraints. “Enforcing distributed integrity assertions is more complex than needed in centralized DBMS, even with global transaction management support” elaborate this sentence with proper constraints and examples.

Distributed Integrity Constraints are rules that ensure data consistency, accuracy, and reliability across multiple sites in a Distributed Database Management System (DDBMS). These constraints help maintain data integrity even when data is stored at different locations and accessed by multiple users simultaneously. The types of distributed integrity constraints are as follows: i. Primary Key Constraint: … Read more

Describe COM_MIN approach in horizontal fragmentation, How do you obtain clustered affinity matrix in vertical fragmentation? Explain with suitable example.

COM_MIN Approach in Horizontal Fragmentation The COM_MIN (Complete and Minimal) approach is used in horizontal fragmentation to divide a database table into smaller, meaningful parts based on query conditions. The goal is to ensure that each fragment contains only the necessary data, making queries faster and reducing communication between database servers. How it Works: i. … Read more

Discuss the three architectures of Distributed DBMS.

A Distributed Database Management System (DDBMS) is a software system that manages a database distributed across multiple locations, interconnected by a network, yet presents it as a unified database to users. This distribution allows data to be stored closer to where it’s needed, enhancing accessibility and performance. The key characteristics of a DDBMS are: i. … Read more