Sakar Pradhananga Query decomposition is an essential technique in distributed databases that breaks down complex queries into simpler subqueries that can be executed on different nodes of the database. In a distributed system, data is spread across multiple locations or nodes, and a single query can span multiple fragments of data. Query decomposition aims to optimize the … Read more
Data Security in Distributed Databases is a critical concern as these databases are spread across multiple servers and locations, often in different geographical regions. With data stored in multiple places, it becomes more vulnerable to security breaches, unauthorized access, and cyber-attacks. Ensuring data security in a distributed database is essential to maintain the integrity, confidentiality, … Read more
Horizontal Fragmentation refers to the practice of dividing a database into smaller, more manageable pieces called fragments. These fragments contain a subset of the data from the original database, based on certain criteria. The goal of horizontal fragmentation is to improve the performance of database queries by storing related data closer to where it’s needed … Read more
In today’s digital world, e-commerce websites handle millions of users, orders, and payments every day. As businesses grow and more people shop online, traditional databases struggle to keep up with the increasing demand. This is where distributed databases come in—they spread data across multiple servers instead of relying on just one. This helps e-commerce platforms … Read more
Conservation Protocol and Multiversion Timestamp Protocol in Distributed Databases In distributed databases, concurrency control mechanisms ensure that multiple transactions can execute simultaneously without violating the integrity of the database. Timestamp-based concurrency control protocols are often used to order transactions based on timestamps to avoid conflicts like dirty reads, non-repeatable reads, and lost updates. Two of … Read more
Derived Horizontal Fragmentation in Distributed Databases Horizontal fragmentation in distributed databases involves dividing a database table into smaller parts called fragments, where each fragment contains a subset of the table’s rows. In derived horizontal fragmentation, the condition used to divide the data into fragments is based on derived predicates or access patterns that come from … Read more
Parallel Database Architecture refers to a system design that splits a database operation into smaller tasks that can be executed simultaneously across multiple processors or machines. The goal of parallel database architecture is to increase the performance of database systems by distributing the workload and processing tasks in parallel. This helps improve query execution times, … Read more
Local Recovery Manager and Its Handling of Update and Write Operations The local recovery manager is a key component in a distributed database system that ensures the database remains consistent and recovers from crashes or failures. When dealing with update and write operations, the recovery manager follows certain steps to maintain the integrity of the … Read more
Nested and Distributed Transactions Nested Transaction: A nested transaction is a type of transaction where a transaction can call other sub-transactions or child transactions. These sub-transactions themselves can commit or abort independently of the parent transaction, but the final decision (commit or abort) is determined by the parent transaction. Nested transactions are useful in situations … Read more
INGRES Algorithm (Simplified) The INGRES Algorithm is used to find the most efficient way to join multiple tables in a database. Its main goal is to minimize the total cost of joining tables by choosing the best order to perform the joins. How the INGRES Algorithm Works Example of the INGRES Algorithm Let’s say you … Read more